Geography

Economics

Demographics

Military

Politics

Surface

Surface (in square kilometers)

Surface (in square miles)

Surface (water)

Water Surface (in square kilometers)

Water Surface (in square miles)

Share of water (%)

Temperature

Average temperature (in Celcius)

Average temperature (in Farenheit)

Average high temperature (in Celcius)

Average high temperature (in Farenheit)

Average low temperature (in Celcius)

Average low temperature (in Farenheit)

Rainfall

Average rainfall (mm)

Average rainfall (inch)

Distance to other capitals (kilometers)

Distance to other capitals (miles)

Proximity

Economic organizations

Gross Domestic Product (US$)

Gross Domestic Product per capita

Amount of memberships (economic organizations)

Absolute earnings for every 1$

Relative earnings

GDP in PPP per capita (in US$)

 

GDP in PPP per capita

Gross Domestic product (in million US$)

GDP per capita (in US$)

Surface GDP

GDP per square kilometer (in US$)

GDP per square mile(in US$)

Relative GDP in PPP

Population

Population density

Emigration

Immigration

Literacy

Health

Population density (in km2)

Population density (in mi2)

Religion

Christianity (share of the total population)

Islam (share of the total population)

Buddhism (share of the total population)

Hinduism (share of the total population)

Judaism (share of the total population)

Other religions (share of the total population)

Non-religious (share of the total population)

Military spending (in % of GDP)

Military spending

In total, Russia spends US$65.103 million on its military, or 4.45 percent of its GDP. This makes Russia the 4th highest military spender in the world and represents 3.391 percent of total global military expenditure. 

The Russian military, called the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, consists of a army, and Navy and an Air Force. Most of its equipment is inherited from its Soviet era and is considered to be outdated. However, at the start of the 21st century, Russia has started to increase its military spending and subsequently created a professional army alongside with modern weaponry.

Military membership

Russia is also a member of 11 international military organizations. This makes it the 28th most militarily connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations: 

  • States with nuclear weapons 
  • Collective Security Treaty Organization 
  • Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 
  • Conference on Disarmament 
  • Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons 
  • Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 
  • Wassenaar Arrangement 
  • Nuclear Suppliers Group 
  • Missile Technology Control Regime 
  • International Atomic Energy Agency 
  • Collective Security Treaty Organization 

Military membership

International wars

Russia has partaken in 82 international wars. These are: 

  • War of the Polish Succession 1733-1738 

  • Polish succession war 1733-1739 

  • Seven Years' War 1756-1763 

  • Livonian War 1558-1583 

  • Russo-Swedish War (1590–95) 

  • Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18) 

  • Ingrian War 1610-1617 

  • Smolensk War 1631-1634 

  • Russo-Polish War (1654–67) 

  • Second Northern War 1655-1660 

  • Russo-Swedish War (1656–58) 

  • Great Northern War 1700-1711 

  • Pruth River Campaign 1710-1711 

  • Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) 

  • Bar Confederation 

  • Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) 

  • Polish–Russian War of 1791 1791-1791 

  • Kościuszko Uprising 1794-1794 

  • War of the Second Coalition 1798-1801 

  • Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815 

  • First Serbian Uprising 1804-1813 

  • Finnish War 1808-1809 

  • " Hundred Days war 1815-1815" 

  • Russo-Persian War 1816–18 

  • Egyptian–Ottoman War 1831–33 

  • Kenesary's Kazakh uprising 1837-1846 

  • Egyptian–Ottoman War 1839–41 

  • Hungarian War of Independence 1848-1849 

  • Crimean War 1853-1856 

  • January Uprising 1863-1865 

  • Boxer Rebellion 1899-1901 

  • Russian invasion of Manchuria 1900-1900 

  • Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 

  • Urtatagai conflict 1913-1913 

  • World War I 1914-1918 

  • Lithuanian–Soviet War 1918-1919 

  • Turkish War of Independence 1919-1913 

  • Polish–Soviet War 1919-1911 

  • Aunus expedition 1919-1919 

  • Greco-Turkish War 1919-1911 

  • Turkish–Armenian War 1910-1910 

  • Red Army invasion of Georgia 1911-1911 

  • Tatarbunary Uprising 1914-1914 

  • Urtatagai conflict 1915-1916 

  • Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 1931-1939 

Number of international wars fought

Military spending (in US$ million)

Membership (international political organizations)

In total, Russia is a member of 20 international political organizations. This makes it the 5th most connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations: 

  • Member state of the United Nations 

  • United Nations Security Council 

  • International Labour Organization 

  • the Council of Europe 

  • Council of the Baltic Sea States 

  • HELCOM (Helsinki Commission) 

  • NDPHS

  • Asia Cooperation Dialogue 

  • Group of Eight (G8) 

  • Commonwealth of Independent States 

  • Union State 

  • Arctic Council 

  • International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property 

  • Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy 

  • UNIDROIT 

  • Interpol 

  • Permanent Court of Arbitration 

  • BRICS 

  • Association of World Election Bodies 

  • World Organization for Animal Health 

Political Membership

Democracy/dictatorship rating

Even though Russia has an official democratic system, there are major democratic deficits currently present.  Aside from a lack of civil rights towards religious minorities, there have been allegations of manipulating elections, a dependent of judiciary branch as well as state-controlled media. This has made Russia the 146th most democratic state in the world. 

Democracy/Dictatorship

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia has become a democratic Federation where the president is head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Even though multiple parties exist within a Russia, it has been dominated by a single political party for over two decades. 

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If you want to know more about other states, click on the flag on the right to discover Rwanda.

Russia 

Known for being the largest state in the world, it's vodka as well as its space industry, Russia has made a large historical impact for more than 500 years.  During its early history, the area was inhabited by the Slavic people which led a hunter gatherer lifestyle. After coming into contact with the Greeks, several smaller kingdoms emerged among which was the Kievan Rus which covers parts of Russia, Ukraine and present-day Poland. This Empire rules from the ninth century until the 13th century when it was invaded by the Mongols. At the end of the 15th century, a new territory, called the grand Duchy of Moscow was able to defeat the Mongols. After a period of relatively small expansions, Russia started to expand eastwards and became a Russian Empire at the start of the 18th century. After establishing control over its current territory, Russia enters the first world war on the side of the United Kingdom and France. However, after internal unrest, it had to withdraw from the war. In 1917, a civil war ensued between the Royalists and the Communists which led to a communist victory in 1923 and the establishment of the Soviet Union. After signing a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany, it was subsequently invaded by Nazi Germany in 1942. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union establish control over eastern Europe until its dissolution in 1991. Following the dissolution, Russia returned to its former state and was plunged into an economic crisis. After making large political and economic reforms, Russia regained its status as a regional superpower and has entered a path towards restoring its former sphere of influence through political, economic and military means.

 The geography of Russia is extremely diverse due to its size. However, its territory mainly consists of low lying or flat terrain with the exception of a small mountain range in its Western part and large mountain range in its eastern part of that stretches along its southern border towards its northeastern part. Its terrain is mostly considered to be densely forested with the exception of its Western urban area as well as its Northern Arctic parts and its southern border which are covered by low lying vegetation. In total, Russia borders 13 other states with North Korea, China, Mongolia, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan and Georgia to its south and Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia and Finland to its east. It is also in the possession of an exclave, called Kaliningrad which borders Poland and Lithuania as well. 

It is the largest state with a total surface area of 17.183.737 square kilometers or 6.634.678 square miles. 

It has a total water surface area of 724.103 square kilometers or 279.591 square miles. This ranks Russia the 2nd largest state in the world. 

 

Below, a graph is shown which displays the absolute amount of water of each state in square kilometers and square miles.

Most of its drinking water is derived from surface water which can be found in its numerous rivers and lakes. Russia is also home to the largest freshwater lake in the world, Lake Baikal, which has the same surface area as the Czech Republic.

The climate of Russia varies heavily, but overall, it has a continental climate with harsh winters and short moderate summers. On average, temperatures are relatively low due to Russia's close proximity to the north pole which heavily influences the central part of Russia. The average temperature is -0.3 degrees Celsius or 31 degrees Fahrenheit. This makes Russia the 195th warmest state in the world. 

The average high temperature is 3.5 degrees Celsius or 38 degrees Fahrenheit. 

The average low temperature is -5 degrees Celsius or 23 degrees Fahrenheit. 

Rainfall varies heavily throughout Russia with its coastal area receiving the largest amount of rainfall, or snowfall. On average, Russia receives 51.2 centimetres or 20.2 inches of rainfall per year which ranks it as the 158th highest in the world. 

The capital of Russia, Moscow, is home to approximately 12 million people. The closest capital is Minsk, Belarus, with a distance of 652 kilometers or 405 miles. The capital that is the furthest removed is Wellington, New Zealand, with a distance of 16.540 kilometers or 10.277 miles.  

After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia faced several economic crises. After gaining economic stability at the end of the 20th century, the Russian economy grew steadily. Subsequently, Russia has created the Eurasian Union which has led to economic reintegration with some former Soviet states. Because of its sheer size, Russia is abundant in a large number of resources. Aside from having the second largest gas reserves, Russia is among the top oil producers as well as the largest exporter of metal. These products are mainly exported to China and the Netherlands which combined make up nearly 25 percent of all exports. Most of its imports comes from China and Germany which combined make up more than 30 percent of all imports. 

Russia is a member of 20 international economic organizations. This makes it the 15th most connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations: 

  • Alliance for Financial Inclusion 
  • Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 
  • Bank for International Settlements 
  • Black Sea Trade and Development Bank 
  • Eurasian Development Bank 
  • Financial Action Task Force 
  • International Monetary Fund 
  • New Development Bank 
  • World Bank Group 
  • World Customs Organization 
  • World Trade Organization 
  • Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 
  • Economic Cooperation Organization 
  • Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 
  • Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 
  • Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 
  • Energy Charter Treaty 
  • Nuclear Energy Agency 
  • International Renewable Energy Agency 
  • G20 

It has a GDP of US$1.608.826 million, which makes it the 11th highest in the world and represents 0.019 percent of total global GDP.  

Its GDP per surface area is the 149th highest in the world with US$93.625 per square kilometer or US$242.487 per square mile.  

Its GDP per capita is the 63rd highest in the world with US$10.968. 

The absolute earnings (GDP per capita) reflect the average yearly income. The figure below shows how much, on average, an inhabitant of another state earns for every $1 earned by a citizen of this state.

Its purchasing power parity per capita is the 55th highest in the world with US$28.158. 

The relative Gross Domestic Product in Purchasing Power Parity compares the purchasing power of this state with that of the rest of the world. The graph on the left shows how much purchasing power of 1$ compared to the purchasing power of other states

With a total population of 147 million people, Russia is the ninth most populous state in the world. Throughout Russia, several Asian ethnicities can be found that each speak their own language. Some of these ethnicities have autonomous districts which can act independently from the Russian state itself. Approximately 86 percent of the population is ethnically Russian, followed by the Ukrainian population, the Tatar and the Chechen population. 

Russia has the 182nd highest population density in the world with 9 people per square kilometer or 22 people per square mile. 

Approximately 10.5 million people, or 7.2 percent of the population has migrated to other states. This makes Russia the third largest supplier of emigrants and represents 4.2 percent of total global emigration. These migrants mainly migrated to former Soviet republics where they originated from. Ukraine is the largest recipient of Russian migrants and represents more than 30 percent of all Russian migrants. Other destinations outside of the former Soviet Union have been Germany and the United States. 

Immigration to Russia is represented by 11.6 million people, or 7.9 percent of the population. This makes Russia the fourth largest recipient of migrants and represents 4.6 percent of total global immigration. The reason for migration to Russia has been economic as well as political due to Russia receiving a large number of Ukrainian refugees. 

It is the 15th most literate state in the world with an overall literacy rate of 99.4 percent. This is mainly the result of free and compulsory education that has been in place since the Soviet Union. 

The health care system in Russia is considered to be of average standards and has made large improvements to neonatal healthcare. Some large threats to the health of the Russian population are related to noncommunicable diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases as well as communicable diseases such as Tuberculosis and HIV AIDS. The average life expectancy is 73.01 years which is the 120th highest in the world. Women have an average life expectancy of 78.15 years, while men have an average life expectancy of 67.6 years. 

The Russian State provides freedom of religion towards all religions and formally does not discriminate between religions. 

Christianity is the largest religion in Russia and is represented by 61.2 percent of the population. This makes Russia the 106th most Christian state in the world. The largest denomination is Orthodox Christianity followed by Protestantism. 

 

On the right, the global share of Christians per state is displayed 

Islam is represented by 11.2 percent of the population which makes it the 73rd most Islamic state in the world. These are mainly Sunni Muslims that are located in the northern Caucasus regions of Dagestan and Chechnya. 

Buddhism is represented by 0.1 percent of the population. It mainly originated from Siberia where Buddhism started to spread during the eighth century. 

Hinduism is represented by 0.07 percent of the population. 

Judaism is represented by 0.17 percent of the population. Despite being unwelcome until the 18th century, many Jews arrived in Russia and represented more than 5 million people before the establishment of Israel. After the establishment of Israel, approximately 90 percent of all Jews have migrated to Israel. 

Other religions are represented by 0.17 percent of the population and mainly stem from tribes in Siberia as well as pagan religions. 

Despite having irreligion has its official state policy as well as imposing it on other Soviet states, its current irreligious population is represented by 10.8 percent.